Kidney Treatment in India

What is a Kidney?

The kidneys play key roles in body function, not only by filtering the blood and getting rid of waste products, but also by balancing levels of electrolyte levels in the body, controlling blood pressure, and stimulating the production of red blood cells. The kidneys are located in the abdomen toward the back, normally one on each side of the spine. They get their blood supply through the renal arteries directly from the aorta and send blood back to the heart via the renal veins to the vena cava. (The term “renal” is derived from the Latin name for kidney.)

Types of Kidney Diseases:

The term “kidney disease” can refer to any type of condition that greatly reduces the functioning of the kidneys. Some forms of kidney disease are acute, which means that the damage is sudden and symptoms reveal themselves very quickly. Chronic kidney disease means that the decline in kidney function is slow and progressive. There are several different types of kidney disease, some of which are worse than others-

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• Nephritis – kidney disease due to inflammation
• Nephropathy – due to non-inflammatory causes
• Hyperfiltration (Stage 1) – increased filtering without microalbuminuria
• Mild microalbuminuria (Stage 2) – early stages of microalbuminuria
• Clinical albuminuria (Stage 3) – microalbuminuria in larger amounts
• Advanced clinical nephropathy (Stage 4)
• Kidney failure (Stage 5)
• Chronic renal insufficiency
• Early kidney failure
• Diabetic nephropathy
• Kidney Cancer

Symptoms of Kidney Diseases:

Kidneys play a critical role in keeping the body healthy by cleaning and processing the blood. Working together, the 2 million nephrons filter and process 3-4 liters of blood approximately every 5 minutes, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.It is important to be aware of any problems you may be having with your kidneys and get treatment quickly. Some common symptoms and signs of kidney problems are:

• Swelling around the face, eyes, feet and ankles
• Pain or a burning sensation during urination
• Fever
• Need to urinate more frequently
• Problems controlling urination
• Blood in the urine

Causes of Kidney Diseases:

Kidney disease can be caused by a number of conditions, though in many cases no cause can be determined. By getting an early diagnosis and learning how to manage your condition, you and your doctor might help delay or even prevent the onset of kidney disease.

• Diabetes mellitus, which damages small blood vessels in your body and makes it difficult for the kidneys to function properly
• High blood pressure (hypertension), if left untreated, can exert added force and cause damage or scarring to the glomeruli that filter waste from your blood
• Glomerulonephritis, a type of inflammatory kidney disease that causes your kidneys to leak protein and/or red blood cells into your urine
• Polycystic kidney disease (PCKD), a hereditary disorder caused by clusters of fluid-filled cysts that develop in your kidneys and other organs
• Renovascular disease, which involves decreased blood flow to the kidneys due to fatty deposits in the arteries
• Chronic pyelonephritis, a chronic kidney infection often caused by repeated episodes of urinary tract infections
• Systemic Lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic immune reaction where your body mistakenly attacks your own kidney tissue
• Kidney stones, crystallized minerals and other substances that can form on the inner surface of the kidneys and over time become small, hard masses
• Obstructive nephropathy, a blockage and backup of urine causing damage to the kidneys
• Analgesic nephropathy and drugs, when some over-the-counter medications are taken in large quantities and cause kidney damage

Diagnostic Tests for Kidney Diseases:

When kidney function is decreased, substances such as urea, creatinine, and certain electrolytes begin to build up in the bloodstream. The following blood and urine tests measure changing levels of these substances in the bloodstream and can help estimate how well your kidneys are working.
Blood Tests: The simplest way to monitor kidney function is to obtain blood tests for BUN (blood urea nitrogen) and creatinine.

Urine Tests: One of the primary functions of the kidneys is to filter blood and remove waste products. Urine tests measure how well your kidney filters are working.

Measuring Kidney Function: The filtering function of the kidneys may be measured or estimated in several ways:

• BUN and serum creatinine
• GFR (glomerular filtration rate)
• Creatinine clearance
• eGFR (estimated GFR) determined by the MDRD equation

Imaging Tests: Various imaging tests can provide useful information about the kidneys with little or no discomfort and minimal risk to the patient. Various tests are;

• Ultrasound
• IVP
• CAT scan (computed tomography)
• MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)

Kidney Biopsy: The procedure of obtaining and examining a small tissue sample from the kidney is called a kidney, or renal biopsy.

Types of Kidney Treatment

Acute Kidney Diseases Treatment in india:

Treatment of acute renal failure depends partly on the cause and extent of the failure. The patient should be referred to a kidney specialist (nephrologists) for care. The first goal is to pinpoint the exact cause of the kidney failure, as that will partly dictate the treatment. Secondly, the degree to which accumulating wastes and water are affecting the body will impact treatment decisions about medications and the need for dialysis.

Chronic Kidney Diseases Treatment in india:

The goal of treatment for chronic kidney disease is to prevent or slow additional damage to your kidneys. One of the most important parts of treatment for chronic kidney disease is to control the disease that is causing it. If you have diabetes or high blood pressure, you and your doctor will create a plan to aggressively treat and manage your condition to help slow additional damage to your kidneys. Your doctor will also check you for other conditions or diseases that may cause kidney damage, including a blockage (obstruction) in the urinary tract or long-term use of medicines that can damage the kidneys, such as antibiotics or pain relievers (such as NSAIDs).

What is Kidney Dialysis?

In medicine, dialysis (from Greek “dialusis”, meaning dissolution, “dia”, meaning through, and “lysis”, meaning loosening) is primarily used to provide an artificial replacement for lost kidney function in people with renal failure.

Dialysis is the artificial process of getting rid of waste (diffusion) and unwanted water (ultrafiltration) from the blood. This process is naturally done by our kidneys. Some people, however, may have failed or damaged kidneys which cannot carry out the function properly – they may need dialysis. In other words, dialysis is the artificial replacement for lost kidney function (renal replacement therapy). Dialysis may be used for people who have become ill and have acute kidney failure (temporary loss of kidney function), or for fairly stable patients who have permanently lost kidney function.

Types of Kidney Dialysis:

There are two basic types of dialysis:

Hemodialysis: Hemodialysis is the process of pumping blood through a machine which takes blood from the patient via a catheter, filtering the blood through a semipermeable membrane and returning the filtered blood through another catheter back into the patient. Most often the treatment is performed three times a week for 3 to 5 hours each time. Twice a week sessions are limited to patients who have some residual kidney function.

Peritoneal Dialysis: In peritoneal dialysis, the patient’s peritoneum, or lining of the abdomen, acts as a blood filter. A catheter is surgically inserted into the patient’s abdomen. During treatment, the catheter is used to fill the abdominal cavity with dialysate. Waste products and excess fluids move from the patient’s bloodstream into the dialysate solution. After a waiting period of six to 24 hours, depending on the treatment method used, the waste-filled dialysate is drained from the abdomen and replaced with clean dialysate.

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What are Kidney Stones?

A kidney stone is a hard mass developed from crystals that separate from the urine within the urinary tract. Normally, urine contains chemicals that prevent or inhibit the crystals from forming. These inhibitors do not seem to work for everyone, however, so some people form stones. If the crystals remain tiny enough, they will travel through the urinary tract and pass out of the body in the urine without being noticed.
Kidney stones may contain various combinations of chemicals. The most common type of stone contains calcium in combination with either oxalate or phosphate. These chemicals are part of a person’s normal diet and make up important parts of the body, such as bones and muscles. A less common type of stone is caused by infection in the urinary tract. This type of stone is called a struvite or infection stone. Another type of stone, uric acid stones, are a bit less common, and cystine stones are rare.

Kidney Cancer Surgery in india:

Urothelial cancer: This is also referred to as transient cellular carcinoma.It makes up 5-10% of kidney cancers diagnosed in adults.Urothelial carcinoma starts in the region of the kidney where urine gets collected.

Sarcoma: Kidney sarcoma is a rare condition. It is normally treated by surgery. However, sarcoma usually returns to the renal area or propagates to other parts of the body. Another surgical procedure or chemotherapy may be recommended following the initial surgery.

Wilms tumor: Wilms tumor is better treated with radiation and chemo than other types of kidney cancer in conjunction with surgery. The outcome was a different approach to treatment.

Lymphoma: Lymphoma can enlarge both kidneys and is associated with large lymph nodes, known as lymph node disease, in other parts of the body, including the neck, chest, and abdominal cavity. If lymphoma is a possibility, your physician can do a biopsy and suggest chemo instead of surgery.

Types of Kidney Stone Treatment:

Kidney stones are one of the most painful and common disorders of the urinary tract. Depending on where they are located, kidney stones are known as urinary calculi, urinary tract stone disease, renal calculi, nephrolithiasis, ureterolithiasis and urolithiasis.

Fortunately, most stones can be treated without surgery. About 90 percent of all kidney stones can pass through the urinary system spontaneously with the help of plenty of water (two to three quarts a day) to help the stone move along. In addition to extra water consumption, the doctor may prescribe antibiotics to fight infection. For bigger stones, or stones that have more problems getting out of the kidneys, there are small tools a doctor can use to take them out or surgery may be required. Following are the various types of kidney stone treatment available;

Extracorporeal shock wave Lithotrispy (ESWL): Extracorporeal shock wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) uses highly focused electromagnetic waves projected from outside the body to crush kidney stones anywhere in the urinary system. The stones turn out to be sand-like and are passed. For removal of this procedure, patients are located in a tub of warm, purified water or onto a water cushion machine that operates as a means for passing on these non-electrical shockwaves.

Percutaneous Nephrostolithotomy (PCNL): Percutaneous Nephrostolithotomy is a minimal invasive procedure. Percutaneous (i.e., through the skin) removal of kidney stones (lithotomy) is accomplished through the most direct route. A telescope along with a mechanical lithotriptor is inserted to break stone into fine particles to achieve stone-free status in large and complicated stones.

Ureteroscopic Lithotrispy with Holmium Laser: This procedure is performed to treat stones located in the middle and lower ureter. A small, fiberoptic instrument (ureteroscope) is passed into the ureter. Large stones are fragmented using 100-Watts Coherent Holmium Laser. The laser fragments stone into sand like particles, which are then flushed out through the natural urinary passage.

Open (incision) Surgery: This last removal method for kidney stone includes opening the affected area and removing the stone(s). In this procedure, run in an operating room after a person has been given anesthesia, the surgeon creates an incision in the skin and unlocks the pelvis of the kidney or the ureter in order that the stone can be manually removed. Since open surgery is a principal operation, healing may need four to six weeks.

Measures to Prevent Kidney Damage:

• Stop smoking or don’t start smoking
• Have urine infections treated immediately
• Control blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels with diet and medication if necessary
• Drink alcohol in moderation only-switch over to red wine preferably
• Aim to achieve and maintain your weight within the correct range for your height and age
• Exercise regularly
• Have your urine, blood and blood pressure checked regularly by your doctor
• Ask your doctor to inform you of new developments in the treatment of diabetes

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Fortis Memorial Research Institute

Number of beds:    1000
ICU Beds:                  298
Airport Distance:  17 KMs

Brief About:

• Fortis Memorial Research Institute was established in 2001.
• It is an outstanding multi-speciality quaternary care hospital,having the top-notch infrastructure, advanced equipment, highly qualified and experienced medical professionals and super sub-specialists.
• Fortis Hosptial Gurgaon is an advanced centre of excellence in Robotic Surgery, Neurosciences, Oncology, Renal Sciences, BMT, Organ Transplants, Orthopaedics, Cardiac Sciences and Obstetrics & Gynaecology.

Indraprastha Apollo Hospital

No. of beds: 900
ICU Beds:     262
Airport:  20kms

About Hospital:

• Indraprastha Apollo Hospital is a flagship hospital of India’s foremost healthcare groups,the Apollo Group. It is a highly renowned multi-speciality facility that offers tertiary and quaternary care services to domestic and international patients.
• The 900 bedded hospital is outfitted with the most modern technology for diagnostics as well as therapeutic purposes.
• A team of highly trained medical professionals work under all the 52 specialities at the hospital.

Artemis Hospital Gurgaon

Number of beds:  600
ICU Beds:                185
Airport Distance: 19 Km

Brief About:

• Artemis Hospital, established in 2007, spread across 9 acres, is a 600plus bed; state-of-the-art multi-speciality hospital located in Gurgaon, India.
• Artemis Hospital is the first JCI and NABH accredited hospital in Gurgaon.
• Designed as one of the most advanced hospitals in India, Artemis provides a depth of expertise in the spectrum of advanced medical & surgical interventions, a comprehensive mix of inpatient and outpatient services.

BLK-Max Hospital

Number of beds: 700
ICU Beds:               175
Airport Distance: 13 Km

Brief About:

• BLK Super Speciality Hospital was established by Dr. B.L. Kapur  in 1959. It was inaugurated by the then Prime Minister of India, Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru.
  
• BLK Super Speciality Hospital was established by Dr. B.L. Kapur  in 1959. It was inaugurated by the then Prime Minister of India, Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru.
• BLK has a unique combination of the best in class technology, put to use by the best names in the professional circles to ensure world-class health care to all patients.

Max Hospital Saket

Number of beds:   500
ICU Beds:                 267
Airport Distance: 13 KM

Brief About:

• Max Super Speciality Hospital at Saket is one of the topmost healthcare service
• Providers in India. The multi-super speciality hospital has a capacity of over 500 beds, 250 functional beds. It is equipped with state-of-the-art facilities, advanced technologies.
• With the help of over 300 leading specialist Doctors, strong nursing staff, and state-of-the-art innovative medical tools.

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Medanta The Medicity Hospital

Number of beds:  1250
ICU Beds:                300
Airport Distance: 18 KMs

Brief About:

• Medanta – The Medicity is amongst India’s largest and most renowned multi-super speciality healthcare centre with 1250 beds, 29 super speciality units and more than 800 accomplished doctors.
• Supported by state-of-art infrastructure, all the departments in the hospital are fully equipped with cutting-edge technology, modular Operation Theatre and modernized monitoring systems in ICUs.
• The panel of doctors from Medanta, headed by A.S.Soin performed the first successful intestinal transplant in India.

Sanar International Hospital

Number of beds:   130
ICU Beds:                  35
Airport Distance:  20 Km

About Hospital:

• Sanar International Hospital was established in 2018.
• Sanar International Hospital founded by Mr. Naresh Kapoor.
• Sanar International Hospital offers comprehensive advanced surgical care in specialties like Cancer, Heart, Blood and Marrow Transplant, Lung, Liver, and Neurosciences along with other major departments with advanced state-of-the-art facilities.

Accord Superspeciality Hospital

Number of beds:   380+
ICU Beds:                  41
Airport Distance:  46 Km

About Hospital:

• The story of Accord began with the thought of leveraging the new age technology with the healthcare infrastructure to serve the patients, rightly, effectively, and timely.
• Accord Superspeciality Hospital (A Unit Of SCL Healthcare Pvt. Ltd) is India’s first smart hospital and one of the first of its kind in the world.
• Accord Superspeciality Hospital aims at providing technologically advanced healthcare services to international patients who are looking out for medical tourism in India.

W Pratiksha Hospital

Number of beds: 110
ICU Beds:                 31
Airport Distance: 19 KMs

About Hospital:

• Established in 1995, W Pratiksha Hospital is a 110+ bedded flagship hospital of the Pratiksha group.
• W Pratiksha Hospital in Gurgaon, the flagship hospital of Pratiksha Group is a one-of-its-kind facility in Gurgaon that brings to you 30 years of experience.
• The hospital has treated more than 25,000 people In 2018.
  

CK Birla Hospital

Number of beds:   75
ICU Beds:                15
Airport Distance: 20 Km

About hospital:

• The CK Birla Hospital for Women aims to improve the quality of healthcare with an emphasis on UK NHS guidelines for nurse and midwife training with policies and protocols adapted from UK’s National Institute for Health & Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines.
  
• Our state-of-the-art technology and facilities which have been set up by a team of international consultants.
  
• The hospital, spread over 78,000 sq ft having spacious patient rooms and suites with all amenities, outpatient rooms, advanced labour and recovery rooms, state-of-the-art diagnostics, physiotherapy unit, an advanced IVF unit with a modular egg collection theatre, andrology lab, IVF lab, IUI/embryo transfer facility and a cryo store.

Jaypee Hospital, Noida

Number of beds:   525
ICU Beds :               150
Airport Distance: 32 KMs

About Hospital:

• The Jaypee Hospital was conceptualized by a revered Founder Chairman, Shri Jai Prakash Gaur in 2014, with the vision of promoting world-class healthcare amongst the masses by providing quality and affordable medical care with commitment.
• Jaypee Hospital at Noida is the flagship hospital of the Jaypee Group, which heralds the group’s noble intention to enter the healthcare space.
• This hospital has been planned and designed as a 1200 bedded tertiary care multi-speciality facility and has commissioned 525 beds in the first phase.

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